Substances And Methods Prohibited At All Times
(In- And Out-Of-Competition)
Prohibited Substances
S1. Anabolic Agents
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)
a. Exogenous * AAS, including:
18 -homo-17 -hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one; bolasterone; boldenone; boldione; calusterone; clostebol; danazol; dehydrochloromethyl- testosterone; delta1-androstene-3,17-dione; delta1-androstenediol; delta1-dihydro-testosterone; drostanolone; ethylestrenol; fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol; gestrinone; 4-hydroxytestosterone; 4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone; mestanolone; mesterolone; metenolone; methandienone; methandriol; methyldienolone; methyltrienolone; methyltestosterone; mibolerone; nandrolone; 19-norandrostenediol; 19-norandrostenedione; norbolethone; norclostebol; norethandrolone; oxabolone; oxandrolone; oxymesterone; oxymetholone; quinbolone; stanozolol; stenbolone; tetrahydrogestrinone; trenbolone and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
b. Endogenous ** AAS:
androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3 ,17 -diol); androstenedione (androst-4- ene-3,17-dione); dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA); dihydrotestosterone; testosterone.
and the following metabolites and isomers:
5 -androstane-3 ,17 -diol; 5 -androstane-3 ,17 -diol; 5 -androstane- 3 ,17 -diol;, 5 -androstane-3 ,17 -diol; androst-4-ene-3 ,17 -diol; androst-4-ene-3 ,17 -diol; androst-4-ene-3 ,17 -diol; androst-5-ene- 3 ,17 -diol; androst-5-ene-3 ,17 -diol; androst-5-ene-3 ,17 -diol; 4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3 ,17 -diol); 5-androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione); epi-dihydrotestosterone; 3 -hydroxy-5 - androstan-17-one; 3 -hydroxy-5 -androstan-17-one; 19-norandrosterone; 19-noretiocholanolone.
Where a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) is capable of being produced by the body naturally, a Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or any other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete's Sample so deviates from the range of values normally found in humans that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous production.
A Sample shall not be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance in any such case where the Athlete proves by evidence that the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete's Sample is attributable to a physiological or pathological condition. In all cases, and at any concentration, the laboratory will report an Adverse Analytical Finding if, based on any reliable analytical method, it can show that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin.
If the laboratory result is not conclusive and no concentration as referred to in the above paragraph is found, the relevant Anti-Doping Organization shall conduct a further investigation if there are serious indications, such as a comparison to reference steroid profiles, for a possible Use of a Prohibited Substance.
If the laboratory has reported the presence of a T/E ratio greater than four (4) to one (1) in the urine, further investigation is obligatory in order to determine whether the ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, except if the laboratory reports an Adverse Analytical Finding based on any reliable analytical method, showing that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin.
In case of an investigation, it will include a review of any previous and/or subsequent tests. If previous tests are not available, the Athlete shall be tested unannounced at least three times within a three month period.
Should an Athlete fail to cooperate in the investigations, the Athlete's Sample shall be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance.
- Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, zeranol, zilpaterol.
For purposes of this section: * "exogenous" refers to a substance which is not capable of being produced by the body naturally. ** "endogenous" refers to a substance which is capable of being produced by the body naturally.
S2. Hormones And Related Substances
The following substances, including other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), and their releasing factors, are prohibited:
- Erythropoietin (EPO);
- Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
- Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG);
- Insulin;
- Corticotrophins.
Unless the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration was due to a physiological or pathological condition, a Sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites and/or relevant ratios or markers in the Athlete's Sample so exceeds the range of values normally found in humans so that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous production.
The presence of other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing factors of a hormone listed above or of any other finding which indicate(s) that the substance detected is of exogenous origin, will be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
S3. Beta-2 Agonists
All beta-2 agonists including their D- and L-isomers are prohibited. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption.
As an exception, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline, when administered by inhalation to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma/broncho-constriction require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Despite the granting of a Therapeutic Use Exemption, when the Laboratory has reported a concentration of salbutamol (free plus glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/mL, this will be considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the athlete proves that the abnormal result was the consequence of the therapeutic use of inhaled salbutamol.
S4. Agents With Anti-Estrogenic Activity
The following classes of anti-estrogenic substances are prohibited:
- Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to, anastrozole, letrozole, aminogluthetimide, exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) including, but not limited to, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
- Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to, clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.
S5. Diuretics And Other Masking Agents
Diuretics and other masking agents are prohibited.
Masking agents include but are not limited to:
Diuretics * , epitestosterone, probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g. finasteride, dutasteride), plasma expanders (e.g. albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch).
Diuretics include:
acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone, thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide), triamterene, and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
* A Therapeutic Use Exemption is not valid if an Athlete's urine contains a diuretic in association with threshold or sub-threshold levels of a Prohibited Substance(s).
Prohibited Methods
M1. Enhancement Of Oxygen Transfer
The following are prohibited:
a. Blood doping, including the use of autologous, homologous or heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin, other than for medical treatment.
b. Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including but not limited to perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products (e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products).
M2. Chemical And Physical Manipulation
The following is prohibited:
Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity and validity of Samples collected in Doping Controls.
These include but are not limited to intravenous infusions*, catheterisation, and urine substitution.
* Except as a legitimate acute medical treatment, intravenous infusions are prohibited.
M3. Gene Doping
The non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, is prohibited.
Substances And Methods Prohibited In-Competition
In addition to the categories S1 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above, the following categories are prohibited in competition:
Prohibited Substances
S6. Stimulants
The following stimulants are prohibited, including both their optical (D- and L-) isomers where relevant:
Adrafinil, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, amphetaminil, benzphetamine, bromantan, carphedon, cathine * , clobenzorex, cocaine, dimethylamphetamine, ephedrine ** , etilamphetamine, etilefrine, famprofazone, fencamfamin, fencamine, fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methylamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylephedrine ** , methylphenidate, modafinil, nikethamide, norfenfluramine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermine, prolintane, selegiline, strychnine, and other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s) *** .
* Cathine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per milliliter.
** Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per milliliter.
*** The substances included in the 2005 Monitoring Program (bupropion, caffeine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradrol, pseudoephedrine, synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited Substances.
NOTE: Adrenaline associated with local anaesthetic agents or by local administration (e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) is not prohibited.
S7. Narcotics
The following narcotics are prohibited:
buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its derivatives, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.
S8. Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids (e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.
S9. Glucocortocosteriods
All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally, rectally, intravenously or intramuscularly. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption approval.
All other routes of administration require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Dermatological preparations are not prohibited.
Substances Prohibited In Particular Sports
P1. Alcohol
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in-Competition only, in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping violation threshold for each Federation is reported in parenthesis.
Aeronautic (FAI) (0.20 g/L)
Archery (FITA) (0.10 g/L)
Automobile (FIA) (0.10 g/L)
Billiards (WCBS) (0.20 g/L)
Boules (CMSB) (0.10 g/L)
Karate (WKF) (0.10 g/L)
Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) (0.10 g/L) for disciplines involving shooting
Motorcycling (FIM) (0.00 g/L)
Skiing (FIS) (0.10 g/L)
P2. Beta-Blockers
Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-Competition only, in the following sports.
Aeronautic (FAI)
Archery (FITA) (also prohibited out-of-competition)
Automobile (FIA)
Billiards (WCBS)
Bobsleigh (FIBT)
Boules (CMSB)
Bridge (FMB)
Chess (FIDE)
Curling (WCF)
Gymnastics (FIG)
Motorcycling (FIM)
Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for disciplines involving shooting ? Nine-pin bowling (FIQ)
Sailing (ISAF) for match race helms only ?
Shooting (ISSF) (also prohibited out-of-competition)
Skiing (FIS) in ski jumping & free style snow board ?
Swimming (FINA) in diving & synchronised swimming ?
Wrestling (FILA)
Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol, carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.
Specified Substances*
" Specified Substances " * are listed below:
Ephedrine, L-methylamphetamine, methylephedrine;
Cannabinoids;
All inhaled Beta-2 Agonists, except clenbuterol;
Probenecid;
All Glucocorticosteroids;
All Beta Blockers;
Alcohol.
* " The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rule violations because of their general availability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused as doping agents. " A doping violation involving such substances may result in a reduced sanction provided that the " ...Athlete can establish that the Use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance..."
