REVISED INTERNATIONAL TABLE OF GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI) AND GLYCEMIC LOAD (GL)—2002 1
Food Number and Item		GI 2	Serve	GL 3
		glucose	size	per
		=100	grams	serve
	BAKERY PRODUCTS
	Cakes
1	Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	67	50	19
2	Banana cake, made with sugar	47±8	80	18
3	Banana cake, made without sugar	55±10	80	16
4	Chocolate cake made from packet mix with chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker, General Mills	38±3	111	20
	Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA)
5	Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles, Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Vic, Australia)	73±12	38	19
6	Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and coconut) (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)	87±17	50	25
7	Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada)	54	53	15
8	Sponge cake, plain	46±6	63	17
9	Vanilla cake made from packet mix with vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA)	42±4	111	24
10	Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada)	67	57	17
11	Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Etobicoke, Canada)	69	50	13
12	Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada)	76	47	17
13	Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	65	70	31
14	Muffins
	Apple, made with sugar 4	44±6	60	13
	Apple, made without sugar 4	48±10	60	9
	Apple, oat, sultana, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Acacia Ridge, Qld, Australia)	54±4	50	14
	Apricot, coconut and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	60±4	50	16
	Banana, oat and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	65±11	50	17
	Bran (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins, Aurora, Canada)	60	57	15
	Blueberry (Culinar Inc., Canada)	59	57	17
	Carrot (Culinar Inc., Canada)	62	57	20
	Chocolate butterscotch, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	53±5	50	15
	Corn muffin, low-amylose 5	102	57	30
	Corn muffin, high-amylose 5	49
	Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada, Peterborough, Canada)	69	50	24
15	Pancakes, prepared from shake mix (Green's General Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)	67±5	80	39
16	Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet mix (Orgran Natural Foods,	102±11	77	22
	Carrum Downs, Vic, Australia)
17	Pastry	59±6	57	15
18	Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	85±14	40	18
19	Scones, plain, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co., Australia)	92±8	25	8
20	Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada)	76	35	10
	BEVERAGES
21	Coca Cola ®
	Coca Cola ® , soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	53±7	250	14
	Coca Cola ® , soft drink/soda (Coca Cola Bottling Company, Atlanta, GA, USA)	63	250	16
	mean of two types	58±5
22	Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	66±8	250	13
23	Fanta ® , orange soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Australia)	68±6	250	23
24	Lucozade ® , original (sparkling glucose drink) (Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK)	95±10	250	40
25	Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc., Omaha, NE, USA)	33±9	250	14
26	Smoothie drink, soy, banana (So Natural Foods, Tarren Point, NSW, Australia) 6	30±3	250	7
27	Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut (So Natural Foods, Australia) 6	34±3	250	8
28	Solo TM, lemon squash, soft drink (Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, NSW, Australia) 6	58±5	250	17
29	Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	43±5	250	11
	(Sanitarium Health Foods, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia)
30	Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) 6	46±5	250	11
	(Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)
31	Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) 6	39±2	250	13
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)
	Juices
32	Apple juice
	Apple juice, pure, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	39±5
	Apple juice, unsweetened	40
	Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)	41
	mean of three studies	40±1	250	12
33	Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Wandin, Vic, Australia)	44±2	250	13
34	Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia)	37±3	250	10
35	Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia)	43±3	250	14
36	Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia) 6	43±3	250	10
37	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® , Melbourne, Vic, Australia)	52±3	250	16
38	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray ® Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)	68±3	250	24
39	Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray ® (Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)	56±4	250	16
40	Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)	48	250	11
41	Orange juice
	Orange Juice (Canada)	46±6
	Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Quelch ® , Berri Ltd., Carlton, Vic, Australia)	53±6
	mean of two studies	50±4	250	13
42	Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada)	46	250	16
43	Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia) 6	38±4	250	4
44	Yakult ® , fermented milk drink with Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	46±6	65	6
	Sports drinks
45	Gatorade ® (Spring Valley Beverages Pty Ltd., Cheltenham, Vic, Australia)	78±13	250	12
46	Isostar ® (Novartis Consumer Health, Nyon, Switzerland)	70±15	250	13
47	Sports Plus ® (Berri Ltd., Berri, SA, Australia)	74±6	250	13
48	Sustagen Sport ® (Mead Johnson, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)	43±9	250	21
	Drinks made from drinking mix powders
49	Build-Up TM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla with fiber, (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	41±4	250	14
50	Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with hot water (Nestlé, Australia)	51±3	250	11
51	Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy protein and whey powder	36±3	250	7
	(Harrod foods, Sefton, NSW, Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) cow's milk
52	Malted milk powder in full-fat cow's milk (Nestlé, Australia)	45±3	250	12
53	Milo TM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
	Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water	55±3	250	9
	Milo TM (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand) dissolved in water	52±5	250	9
	mean of two studies	54±2
	Milo TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk	35±2	250	9
	Milo TM (Nestlé, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat cow's milk	36±3	250	9
	mean of two studies	36±1
54	Nutrimeal TM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate (Usana, Salt Lake City, UT, USA)	26±3	250	4
55	Quik TM (sweet drink powder)
	Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia), dissolved in water	53±5	250	4
	Quik TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk	41±4	250	5
	Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in water	64±8	250	5
	Quik TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5% fat milk	35±3	250	4
	BREADS
56	Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada)	72	70	25
57	Baguette, white, plain (France)	95±15	30	15
58	French baguette with chocolate spread (France)	72±8	70	27
59	French baguette with butter and strawberry jam (France)	62±7	70	26
60	Pain au lait (Pasquier, France)	63±10	60	20
61	Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	74	30	16
	Barley Breads
62	Coarse barley kernel bread, 75-80% kernels
	75% kernels	27	30	5
	80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	34	30	7
	80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	40	30	8
	mean of three studies	34±4
63	Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels
	50% kernels (Canada)	43	30	9
	50% kibbled barley (Australia)	48	30	10
	mean of two studies	46±2	30	9
64	Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	57±6	30	6
65	Barley flour breads
	100% barley flour (Canada); (rye bread composition)	67	30	9
	Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread (20% white wheat flour) (Sweden)	67	30	13
	Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft	50	30	7
	(50% regular barley flour, 50% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
	Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft	43	30	5
	(20% regular barley flour, 80% high-fibre barley flour) (Sweden)
66	Wholemeal barley flour (80%) and white wheat flour (20%) breads -
	fermented or with added organic acids or salts (Sweden)
	Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference for the 5 breads below) 5	70	30	14
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with sourdough (lactic acid) 5	53	30	10
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid 5	66	30	12
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate 5	59	30	12
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate 5	65	30	13
	Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose sodium propionate 5	57	30	11
	Buckwheat bread
67	Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden)	47	30	10
	Fruit Breads
68	Bürgen TM Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	44±5	30	6
69	Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced (Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, NSW, Australia)	54±6	30	8
70	Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread with dried fruit (Australia)	47±6	30	7
71	Happiness TM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread) (Natural Ovens, Manitowoc, WI, USA)	63±5	30	9
72	Muesli bread, made from packet mix in bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA)	54±6	30	7
73	Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	61	30	9
74	Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada)	73	30	12
75	Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	70	30	16
	Gluten-free bread
76	Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	79±13	30	10
77	Gluten-free white bread, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)	71	30	11
	Gluten-free white bread, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)	80	30	12
	mean of two studies	76±5	30	11
78	Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)	69	30	9
	Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)	76	30	10
	mean of two studies	73±4	30	9
	Oat Bread
79	Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	65	30	12
	Oat bran bread
80	50% oat bran (Australia)	44	30	8
81	45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden)	50	30	9
	mean of two studies	47±3	30	9
	Rice bread
82	Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, NSW, Australia)	72±9	30	8
83	Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia)	61±9	30	7
	Rye Bread
84	Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
	Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	41	30	5
	Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada)	41	30	5
	Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	46	30	5
	Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada)	55	30	7
	Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Toronto, Canada)	55	30	7
	Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada)	62	30	8
	mean of six studies	50±4	30	6
85	Wholemeal rye bread
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	41
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	62
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	63
	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	66
	mean of four studies	58±6	30	8
	Specialty rye breads
86	Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	76±14	30	10
87	Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	55±12
	Bürgen TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	74±6
	mean of two studies	65±10	30	7
88	Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)	67	30	9
89	Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	68	30	10
90	Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	55	30	7
91	Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	59±5	30	8
92	Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	86±15	30	12
93	Sourdough rye (Canada)	57
	Sourdough rye (Australia)	48
	mean of two studies	53±5	30	6
94	Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)	56	30	7
	Wheat Breads
95	Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)	52	30	10
96	Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
	50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada)	58	30	12
	75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada)	48	30	10
	mean of two studies	53±3	30	11
	Spelt wheat breads
97	White spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia)	74	30	17
98	Wholemeal spelt wheat bread 9 (Slovenia)	63	30	12
99	Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread 9 (Slovenia)	67	30	15
100	Spelt multigrain bread ® (Pav's bakery, Australia)	54±10	30	7
101	White wheat flour bread
	White flour (Canada)	69±5	30	10
	White flour (USA)	70	30	10
	White flour, Sunblest TM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	70	30	10
	White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	71	30	10
	White flour (South Africa)	71±7	30	9
	White flour (Canada)	71	30	10
	mean of six studies	70±0	30	10
102	White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italian)	73	30	11
103	Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, Kansas City, MO, USA)	71±9
	Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA)	72±4
	Wonder TM, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, USA)	77±3
	mean of three studies	73±2	30	10
104	White Turkish bread (Turkey)	87	30	15
	White bread with enzyme inhibitors
105	White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico)	18	30	3
	White bread + acarbose (200mg) (Mexico)	50	30	8
	mean in two groups of subjects	34±16	30	6
106	White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland) 5	48	30	6
107	White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland) 5	29	30	4
	White bread with soluble fiber
108	White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico)	41	30	7
	White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico)	65	30	11
	mean in two groups of subjects	53±12	30	9
109	White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette (Sweden)	45	30	7
110	White bread eaten with powdered dried seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain)	48	30	7
111	White bread containing Eurylon ® high-amylose maize starch (France) 12	42	30	8
	White fiber-enriched bread
112	White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	67
113	White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	69
	mean of two studies	68±1	30	9
	White resistant starch-enriched bread
114	Fibre White TM (Nature's Fresh, Auckland, New Zealand)	77±10	30	11
115	Wonderwhite TM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia)	80±8	30	11
116	Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	52	30	6
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	64	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	65	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	69	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	71	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	72±6	30	8
	Wholemeal flour (USA) 5	73	30	10
	Wholemeal flour (South Africa)	75±9	30	9
	Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	77±9	30	9
	Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	78±16	30	9
	Wholemeal flour (Kenya)	87	30	11
	mean of thirteen studies	71± 2	30	9
117	Wholemeal Turkish bread	49	30	8
	Specialty wheat breads
118	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain bread (Australia)
	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)	34±4
	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain	45±12
	Bürgen ® Mixed Grain	69±6
	mean of three studies	49±10	30	6
119	Bürgen ® Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	31±3	30	3
120	Bürgen ® Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%) loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	36±4	30	3
121	English Muffin TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	77±7	30	11
122	Healthy Choice TM Hearty 7 Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA)	55±6	30	8
123	Healthy Choice TM Hearty 100% Whole Grain (Con Agra Inc., USA)	62±6	30	9
124	Helga's TM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	68±9	30	9
125	Helga's TM traditional wholemeal bread (Quality Bakers, Australia)	70±14	30	9
126	Hunger Filler TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	59±8	30	7
127	Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland, New Zealand)	75±10
	Molenberg TM (Goodman Fielder, New Zealand)	84±8
	mean of two studies	80±5	30	11
128	9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	43±5	30	6
129	Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia)	54±10	30	8
130	Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia)	43	30	6
131	Nutty Natural TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	59±7	30	7
132	Performax TM (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Vic, Australia)	38±3	30	5
133	Ploughman's TM Wholegrain, original recipe (Quality Bakers, Australia)	47	30	7
134	Ploughman's TM Wholemeal, smooth milled (Quality Bakers, Australia)	64±10	30	9
135	Semolina Bread (Kenya)	64
136	Sourdough wheat (Australia)	54	30	8
137	Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA)	50±6	30	5
138	Stay Trim TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	70±10	30	10
139	Sunflower & Barley bread, Riga brand (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Australia)	57±6	30	7
140	Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co., Sydney, NSW, Australia)	55±5	30	7
141	Vogel's Roggenbrot (Stevns & Co., Australia)	59±5	30	8
142	Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd., Poole, Dorset, UK)	74	30	16
143	100% Whole Grain TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	51±11	30	7
144	White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden)	79	30	13
	Unleavened Breads
145	Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	75±9	30	12
146	Middle Eastern flatbread	97±29	30	15
147	Pita bread, white (Canada)	57	30	10
148	Wheat flour flatbread (India)	66±9	30	10
149	Amaranth : wheat (25:75) composite flour flatbread (India)	66±10	30	10
150	Amaranth : wheat (50:50) composite flour flatbread (India)	76±20	30	11
	BREAKFAST CEREALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
151	All-Bran TM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia) 13	30	30	4
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)	38	30	9
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)	50	30	9
	All-Bran TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	51±5	30	9
	mean of four studies	42±5
152	All-Bran Fruit 'n Oats TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	39	30	7
153	All-Bran Soy 'n Fibre